Twyfelfontein - A Survey into the Relationship between Animal-Engravings & Cupules

	APPENDIX 1 - STATISTICS

Results of the survey by Sven Ouzman (2002) have been included

Table 1 - Anthropic Depressions at Twyfelfontein
Site	Scherz	Orient.	Direct.	Type	Size	*	nTC	nPC	noC
1.1	new (R5)	NH	SE	R A G	3.4	Y	70		14
1.2	S02 - R5	V	E	AZ	3	Y		12
2.1	P1	NV	E	R A Z	2.3	Y	17		148
(2.2)	P4	V	W	A	1.2	Y			710
2.3	S02 - P9?	V	N	RZG	3.4	Y	3
3.1	Opp. O1	NV	NW	R Z AC?	3.4	N	50	2
3.2	O5	NH	SE	R A Z C	3.4.5	N	22	2	1
4.1.1	A1a	V	S	G	3	Y	2
4.1.2	A1b	V-S	N-E-S	AG	1.2.3	Y	2		263
4.1.3.1	A1c	?	S?	G	?	Y	3
4.1.3.2	s02 - New	?	?	AG	3.4	Y	13
4.1.4	s02 - A3a	S	S?	RGZ	3.4.5	Y	9
4.1.5	s02 - A3b	NH.V	N	RGZ	3.4.5	Y	81		12
4.1.6	s02 - A3c	?	?	AGZ	?	Y	2
4.2	B4	V	SW	R G	3	Y	12	6
4.3	New (B)	V	NE	R	3	Y	1
4.4	B10?	NH	NW	AZ	3.4.5	Y	8
4.5	B11a	S	W	R A Z	3.4	N	12	11
4.6	B12	NH	S	R A Z	3.4	N	32	9
4.7	B14	V	SW	R Z	3.4	Y	228
4.8.1	B17	V	N	R Z	3.4	Y	25
4.8.2	B18d	V	N	R Z	4	Y	2	3
4.9	C4b	NH	S	A G	3	N	55
4.10	C4a	V	W	A G	3	N	207
4.11	New (C)	S	E	R G?	4	Y		5
4.12	C1	S	S	A G Z	3	N		3	113
4.13	D24	S	SW	AZ	3	N	4
4.14	D3	V	N	AZ	3.4	N	27		5
4.15	D4d	NV	W	AZ	3	N	4
4.16	G12	S	E	RZ	3.4.5	Y	11	10
4.17	G11	V	W	R Z C	3.4	Y		8
4.18	G1	V	N	R Z C?	3	Y	1	49
4.19	H23	V	N	R G Z	3.4	Y	5	12
4.20	H1	NH	W	R G Z	3.4	Y	13
4.21.1	S02 14	V	?	R A Z?	3.4	Y	31
4.21.2	S02 11	V?	S?	RZ	?	?
4.22	C6c	?	?	G	?	Y		7
4.23	C2	?	?	G	?	Y		1
(5.1)	K3	H N H?	?	RZ	4.5	Y		7
Totals						39	952	140	1273

Site	Site numbering as used in this survey. My numbering only uses figures separated by points.
Scherz	Labelling used by Scherz (1975), which always includes a capital letter to denote the location of a rock-art group. The capital letter is followed by a figure that indicates the number of the rock in each group. Sometimes I have added a small case letter to Scherz' notation to distinguish separate blocks of stone with decoration that did not get their own numbering. The indication S02 in this column means that some data about the panel or rock in question have also been derived from the site-report by Sven Ouzman (2002), included in this survey as Appendix 2.
Orient.	Orientation. H = horizontal; V = vertical; S = sloping; N = nearly. ? = Unknown/not stated.
Direct.	Direction in which the carved surface faces. N = facing north; E = facing east; S = facing south; W = facing west.

Type & Size	Site numbering as used in this survey. My numbering only uses figures separated by points.		1: point	01 mm
	A : arranged in patterns, for instance rows.		2: dot	05 mm
	Z : associated with zoomorphic engravings.		3: small cupule	30 mm
	G : associated with geometric engravings.		4: standard cup	50 mm
	C : superimposed upon iconic designs.		5: large cupule	50 mm
	C : superimposed upon iconic designs.		6: basin	10 cm

Y/N	yes or no primordial cupule rock (the grey areas denote sites/numbers excluded from cupule statistics).
nTC	Number of true cupules.
nPC	Number of possible cupules.
noC	(no cupules): Number of anthropic depressions that are not considered to be (possible) cupules in this survey.

Table 2 - Decorated rocks at Twyfelfontein
See figure 60 and figure 61 (below) for the location of the Rock Art groups C = Cupule rocks (the number of cupule rocks is included in the number of the non-iconic, iconic and mixed numbers: e.g. Group 1 has 20 decorated rocks, 4 of which have Cupules).
West Route	Non-Iconic	C	Iconic	C	Mixed	C	?	C	Totals	C
Group 1:R	1	1	6	0	2	1	0	0	9	2
Group 1:P	0	0	8	1	2	0	1	0	11	2
Subtotals	1	1	14	1	4	1	1	0	20	4
Valley Route	Non-Iconic	C	Iconic	C	Mixed	C	?	C	Totals	C
Group 2:N+O	0	0	19	2	0	0	0	0	19	2
Group 3:M	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	4	1
Subtotals	0	0	22	2	0	0	1	0	23	3
Site 4	Non-Iconic	C	Iconic	C	Mixed	C	?	C	Totals	C
Group 4. A	8	5	33	6	4	3	0	1	46	15
Group 4. B	3	0	5	2	0	0	0	0	8	2
Group 4. C	6	5	8	0	3	1	1	0	18	7
Group 4. D	1	0	32	3	3	0	0	0	36	3
Group 4. E	1	0	90	2	7	3	1	0	99	6
Subtotals	19	10	168	13	17	7	2	10	207	33
Group 5	0	0	2	0	0	0	1		2	1
Group 6	0	0	9	0	0	0	1	0	10	1
Group 7	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	3	1
In Museums	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	2	0
Subtotals	0	0	16	1	0	0	2	0	17	13
Catagory	Non-Iconic	C	Iconic	C	Mixed	C	?	C	Totals	C
Totals	20	1	220	17	21	8	6	1	268	43

* Map of the Twyfelfontein area indicating the limits of the groups of the rock art sites mentioned in table 2. For details on Site 4 see figure 61. ** Map of the area of Site 4 at Twyfelfontein indicating the limits of the groups of the rock art sites mentioned in table 2. The absolute numbers (upper part of graph) and relative numbers (lower part of graph) of the cupule rocks (black) at Twyfelfontein. The number of cupule rocks is included in the totals: e.g. group 1 has 20 decorated rocks, 4 of which have cupules. See figure 60 and figure 61 for the locations of these rock-art groups. The + indicates the position of the spring. The smaller (inner) pie chart shows the relative number of cupule rocks (black: 16%; N = 268) compared to the total of non-cupule rocks (green: 84 %). The larger pie chart shows the relative number of cupule rocks per rock-art group compared to the total of cupule rocks (N = 43). A: The absolute numbers of cupules at rock-art groups 1, 2, and 4 at Twyfelfontein. See figures 60 and 61 for the locations of these rock-art groups. The pie chart shows the relative numbers of cupules for these site-groups. N = 1089). The + indicates the position of the spring. B: Three circle-diagrams showing the enormous difference between the absolute numbers of cupules of rock-art groups 1, 2 and 4 at Twyfelfontein. Rock-art group 4 also shows the relative numbers of the cupules at this group compared to the total of cupules at this group (N = 911). Figure 64 A: Graph showing the preference for vertical slopes of panels with cupules at Twyfelfontein in absolute numbers. The pie chart illustrates the percentages. H = horizontal, V = vertical, S = sloping, N = nearly, ? = unknown/not stated. Figure 64 B: Graph showing the directions of the compass in which the panels with cupules at Twyfelfontein face. The pie chart illustrates the percentages. N = North, NE = North East, E = East, SE = South East, S = South, SW = South West, W = West, NW = North West. → A Survey into the Relationship between Animal-Engravings & Cupules
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