Twyfelfontein - A Survey into the Relationship between Animal-Engravings & Cupules

Maarten van Hoek investigates the rock art of Twyfelfontein in Namibia, focussing on one of the most enigmatic characteristics that appears in rock art - the combination of cupules and animal imagery.

Maarten van Hoek's survey at Twyfelfontein in Namibia on the possible relations in rock art between cupules and animal imagery also sheds light on the numerous cupule sites found around the world.

Twyfelfontein is one of the most important rock art concentrations in Africa, depicting animals and their spoor as well as geometric symbols. We also find a special kind of rock art, notably cupules.

There are many combinations of cupules and animal engravings at Twyfelfontein in Namibia; we attempt to clarify the possible relationship in general by examining several analogies throughout the world.

The 'decorated rocks': statistical rock art analysis of the Anthropic Depressions at Twyfelfontein based on location, site, labelling, size, orientation and direction, including maps of the Twyfelfontein area.

Sven Ouzman's site report weaves together many different strands of evidence – ecological, hydrological & cultural - in a coherent narrative of Twyfelfontein and its place in Southern African archaeology.

Twyfelfontein - A Survey into the Relationship between Animal-Engravings & Cupules by Maarten van Hoek: a detailed list of the captions to the figures included in the Twyfelfontein Rock Art section.

Twyfelfontein - A Survey into the Relationship between Animal-Engravings & Cupules by Maarten van Hoek: a bibliography of authors including early accounts by Leo Frobenius and Abbé Breuil.

Twyfelfontein - A Survey into the Relationship between Animal-Engravings & Cupules: acknowledgements, in particular to Sven Ouzman of Bloemfontein and Ulrich Hallier of Düsseldorf.

The World Heritage site of /Ui- //aes, also known as Twyfelfontein, in the Kunene Region of north-western Namibia. A particular feature of the rock art is its integration with the surroundings - with the landscape.

Discover the rock art of Namibia: the painted rock art sites of the Brandberg, with over 1,000 known rock shelters including the famous White Lady of Brandberg, and the engravings of the Twyfelfontein.

The Africa Rock Art Archive is one of the largest online collections of ancient African rock art in the world, in collaboration with the leading African authorities on cave paintings & petroglyph carvings.